Valid Number

Challenge Points: 30

Level: Hard

Given a string s, determine whether it represents a valid number.

A valid number can be:

• Integer: Digits with an optional + or - sign.

Example: "-5", "+12", "0".

• Decimal: Digits with a decimal point, with an optional + or - sign.

Examples: "3.14", "4.", ".9".

• Scientific Notation: An integer or decimal followed by e or E and then an integer (the exponent).

Examples: "2e10", "-1.5E-3".

Invalid numbers include strings with letters in the wrong place, multiple signs, or malformed exponents.

Input: s = "7.5"

Output: true

Explanation:

It’s a valid decimal number.

Input: s = "-3E8"

Output: true

Explanation:

It’s a valid scientific notation number.

Input: s = "12e"

Output: false

Explanation:

The exponent is incomplete.

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